
Abigail Adams
1744—1818
Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence. ― Abigail Adams
Witty, sharp, and enthusiastic about partnership with her husband, John Adams, Abigail Smith Adams is regarded as a "Founding Mother." From the start, Abigail shared her husband's passion for liberty and American independence, and while the Revolution raged, she schooled their four children in love of their country and love of virtue. While John pressed for independence in Philadelphia, it was Abigail who made sure son John Quincy Adams had memories of key events of the Revolution -- taking him by the hand to Penn Hill where they witnessed the bloody Battle of Bunker Hill (June 1775) and the British burning of Charleston, Massachusetts. Frequently separated during the first twenty years of their marriage, Abigail and John exchanged more than twelve hundred letters, in which she made sure he understood events on the home front (which she managed largely by herself). She shared her husband's lifelong rejection of slavery, which she regarded as a moral evil and a threat to the republic. She frequently counseled John on what she regarded as the best path forward. Her March 1776 letter, encouraging him to "remember the ladies," when writing new laws and warning him that "all men would be tyrants" if allowed, inspired future generations of American women on the path to suffrage. When she joined John in Paris, where he served as an American minister in the 1780s, she quickly made a friend of Thomas Jefferson. She cared for his daughter, Polly, when in London, and maintained an affectionate correspondence with the Virginia architect of independence for decades. Most remarkable, though, was the intellectual companionship and emotional intimacy of John and Abigail's marriage and letters. They continue to inspire subsequent generations with their concern for the flourishing of the new American republic and for each other.